Read reflections and testimonies written by Holocaust survivors in their own words.

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  • Tedium!

    “The roof tiles are here, take your places on the steps.” Oh not again we thought; why all this nonsense? We work all day to get the heavy brick tiles up to the roof of the apartment building, and tomorrow morning, after an air raid, they probably will all be in small pieces on the ground. But we had to do it.

    Tags:   fritz glucksteinechoes of memory, volume 3forced labormemoryfood

  • Grosse Hamburgerstrasse

    “Have your husband and son report tomorrow morning to the deportee collection center on Grosse Hamburger Street!” the Gestapo officer ordered my mother. She had accompanied friends who had received their deportation orders to the collection center in the Levetzow Street synagogue, where the officer questioned her, wanting to know why she was concerned about “those Jews.”

    Tags:   fritz glucksteinechoes of memory, volume 3berlingestapopolicessparents

  • A Close Call

    Spring 1944. I had just left the apartment house where, in the attic, we were storing some of our furniture and other belongings. We had rented the storage space when we had to move from our own apartment to one we had to share with another family.

    Tags:   fritz glucksteinechoes of memory, volume 3anti-jewish legislationgestapoparents

  • The Gang

    In the spring of 1943, three high school classmates and I became part of a work crew that, after air raids, tore down ruined buildings and cleaned the rubble from damaged structures. The members of the crew, Jewish husbands and sons of mixed marriages, came from all walks of life—a truly motley crew. They gave me an early course in human nature. Some of them I remember vividly.

    Tags:   fritz glucksteinechoes of memory, volume 2friendsmemoryforced labor

  • The Final Days

    In April 1945, the demolition crew to which my father and I belonged was working near an SS facility when a line of military trucks moved slowly down the street, pushed—we hardly could believe our eyes—by a group of SS men. It was an exhilarating sight, pure unalloyed schadenfreude.

    Tags:   fritz glucksteinechoes of memory, volume 2ssparentsberlinpropaganda

  • Fabrik Aktion (Factory Action)

    On the morning of February 27, 1943, a Saturday, we wearily stood at our workbenches turning out parts for some air-force equipment, my high school classmate and close friend, Gert, working not far from me. Suddenly the door opened and an SS officer stepped into the room. “Pay attention,” he called out. “Drop whatever you are doing and leave by the main entrance.” We were stunned.

    Tags:   fritz glucksteinechoes of memory, volume 2resistancesynagoguesjoseph goebbelsmemory

  • In the Devil’s Den

    In Berlin, during the fall of 1943, the devil’s den—that is, Adolf Eichmann’s headquarters—was hit by a bomb from an American plane, and the SS decided on immediate repairs. My parents and I had just been bombed out for the second time and were staying temporarily at the Jewish Hospital.

    Tags:   fritz glucksteinechoes of memory, volume 1adolf eichmannforced laborberlin

  • Everyday Heroes

    In Berlin, during the fall of 1943, the devil’s den—that is, Adolf Eichmann’s headquarters—was hit by a bomb from an American plane, and the SS decided on immediate repairs. My parents and I had just been bombed out for the second time and were staying temporarily at the Jewish Hospital.

    Tags:   fritz glucksteinechoes of memory, volume 1schoolsmemoryjewish resistance

  • 31 Minutes

    Berlin fall 1944, the Americans and British are approaching the Rhine, and the Russians are on German soil. Our group of Jewish husbands and sons of mixed marriages was doing its usual work, demolishing ruins and cleaning up after air raids, when suddenly we were “detached to special duty.”

    Tags:   fritz glucksteinechoes of memory, volume 1liberationberlinforced labor